Method of converting carbonaceous and hydrocarbonaceous products into products of a low boiling point



March 15, 1938. M. MELAMID 2,110,887

METHOD 0F CONVERTING CARBONACEOUS AND HYDRCARBONACEOUS PRODUCTS INTO PRODUCTS 0F A LOW BOILING POINT med .my 21, 1934 Patented Mar. V15, 1938 UNITED STATES METHOD F CONVERTING CABBONACEOUS AND HYDBOCARBONACEOUS PRODUCTS INT0 PRODUCTS rolN'rl 0F A LOW BOILING Michael Melamid, Zehlendorf, near Berlin, Germany Application July 21, 1934, Serial No. 736,433 In Germany April 29, 1929 Claims.

The present invention relates to a method ,of converting carbonaceous and hydrocarbonaceous products into iluid products or products of a lower boiling point.

It has been proposed to convert carbonaceous products, such-as coals, tars kand-residues and hydrocarbonaceous products, such as mineral oils, tar oils and'the like into uid products or products of lower boiling points" by treating with decomposition agents or catalysts at a suitable pressure and temperature and in the presence of hydrogen. 'I'his process is usually carried out in the manner, that the substances to be treated are introduced into reaction vessels in which they are brought into contact with metallic decomposing agents or catalysts in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogeneous gases or vapors.

It is also known, to introduce the substances to be treated in iinely divided state into the reaction vessels.

I have now found, that especially good results Vare obtained when a suitable decomposing agent or catalyst is dispersed or colloidally dissolved in the substance to be treated. It is for instance possible to use a colloidal metal such as colloidal tin, Vanadium or thallium' as a decomposing agent. The treatment may for instance be carried out in the manner, that colloidal tin, vanadium, or thallium is dispersed in a mineral oil orA the like, whereupon the mixture together with hydrogen in excess is injected into the reaction vessel in which a treatment at raised temperature and raised pressure takes place.

the carbonaceous medium to be treated by means of hydrogen or hydrogeneous gases or vapors and thereupon to carry out the reaction, which eventually may take place at raised temperature and Eiramples v1. In' 100 kg. of coal tar oil, 0.5 kg. of tin are It is also possible to atomize a colloidal solu- 'l tion or a dispersion of a decomposing agent into i dissolved or dispersed colloidally, the oil being poured into the nely divided metal and the mass being thoroughly mixed by mechanical means.

By means of hydrogen this mixture is lcon- 5 ducted into a reaction vessel in which it is subjected to a pressure of 5-26 atmospheres at a temperature of r100-800 C. 1

2. In 100 kg. of lignite tar, 100 g. of vanadium are dissolved or dispersed colloidally in the manner disclosed above. By means of hydrogen this mixture is blown into a reaction vessel and for some hours subjected to a pressure of 10-15 atmospheres at a temperature of 40G-500 C.

3. In 100 kg. of mineral oilfractions of a medium boiling point 100 g. of thallium are dissolved or dispersed colloidally in the described manner. 'Ihe product is thereupon by means of hydrogen injected into the reaction Vessel in which it for some hours'is subjected to-a pressure of 5-20 atmospheres at a temperature -of 100-460 C.

The purpose of the invention is to convert carbonaceous and hydrocarbonaceous substances into products of lower boiling points.

As catalyst are lused metals -in colloidal form.

'I'he substance to be converted and the catalyst are mixed before injecting into the reaction vessel.

The mixture subsequently is introduced into a reaction zone by means of hydrogen or gases containing hydrogen and the solution in this reaction zone is subjected to raised temperature and raised pressure.

An apparatus by means of which the novel process may be carried out, is illustrated .schematically, and in part section, by way of example in the accompanying drawing.g l

The raw material is introduced through pipe l into the heat exchange tankI 2. After absorbingV the heat, the material passes through thev pipe 3 over the pressure equalizer or aninterposed pump 3a through the heating coil l into the dissolving vessel 6. A stirrer or agitator Al, is arranged in the dissolving vessel and intensively stirs or agitates the metal supplied and brings it into chemical reaction withthe substance to be decomposed. The unused slime settles in the bottom at la. The product mixed with the colloidal metal. salt solution passes from the mixing or dissolving vessel 6 through pipe 8 or 8a and the further heater 9 over the pressure equalizer and pump I0 through theA further heating coil l'l to the reaction Vessel l2. This reaction vessel I2 may have an additional heater I3. 'I'he 55 nneiy divided 25 decomposed and treated product then passes from the reaction chamber I2 through the pipe I4 to the heat exchange tank 2 and leaves the same through pipe I5. A sluice is arranged in I6. The liquid and vaporized product is circulated through the sluice in such manner that it can be freed from the gas and especially from the excess hydrogen. The undecomposed substances and the benzine-like decomposed substances are treated per se and if necessary reintroduced in the cycle by the usual means while the superuous or excess gas, hydrogen, is normally returned through conduit I1 to the working process and introduced through pipe 5 into the heating coil 4.

The additionally. used hydrogen is led through the pipe and may be mixed directly with the oil through equalizer 3a or circulated through l conduit 2| in other parts of the apparatus.

The reaction takes place at temperatures rangingbtween 400 and 500 C. and at a pressure of 5 to 20 atmospheres.

I claim:

1. A process of converting liquid bituminous substances into products of lower boiling p oints, comprising dispersing about .1% or less of a metal selected from the group consisting of thallium kand vanadium in colloidal state in j the substance to be converted, injecting the mixture together with a sufficient amount of hydrogen into a reaction chamber. and subjecting the charge to a pressure of from 5 to 20 atmospheres and a temperature of from 400 to 500 C.

2.1A process of converting liquid bituminous substances into products of lower boiling points, comprising dispersing about .1% or less-of a metal selected from the group consisting of thallium and vanadium in colloidal state in the substance to be converted, atomizing the mixture together with a sufficient amount of hydrogen in a reaction chamber, and subjecting the charge to a pressure of from 5 to 2O atmospheres and a temperature of from.400 to 500 C.

3. A process of converting liquid bituminous substances into products of lower boiling points, comprising dissolving about .1% or less of vanadium colloidally in the substanceto be converted, injecting the mixture together vwith a. sufcientamount of hydrogen in atomized state into a reaction chamber.` and subjecting the charge to a pressure of from 5 to 2.0 atmospheres and a temperature of from 400 to 500 C.

4. A process of converting liquid bituminous substances into products ofv lower boiling points, comprising dispersing about .1% or less of thallium colloidally in the substance to be converted, atomizing the mixture together with a. sumcient amount of hydrogen in a reaction chamber and subjecting the charge to a pressure of from 5 to 20 atmospheres and a temperature of from 400 to 460 C.

5. A process of converting liquid bituminous substances into products of lower boiling points, comprising dissolving about .1% or less of thallium colloidally in the substance to be converted, injecting the mixture together with a sufficient amount of hydrogen in atomized state into a reaction chamber and subjecting the charge to a pressure of from 5 to 20 atmospheres and a temperature of from 400 to 460 C.

MICHAEL MELAMID. 

